蒙脱石(montmorillonite)又名微晶高岭石，是一种层状结构、片状结晶的硅酸盐粘土矿，因其最初发现于法国的蒙脱城而命名的。蒙脱石是唯一的一种由人药演变为饲料添加剂的品种，对动物止泻的效果和饲料脱霉效果极佳，并且安全绿色，是绿色饲料配方的不可缺少的成分。
蒙脱石源于大自然，又回归大自然，对大自然没有破坏，是对环境友善的物质。
纳米蒙脱石是经纳米杂化而得到的，具有更大比表面积，可大幅度提高吸附能力，吸附效果是普通蒙脱石产品的3倍。
用于饲料的蒙脱石必须是经过提纯的、必须确定无毒（砷、汞、铅、方英石不超标），任何将膨润土原矿直接应用都将造成对禽畜的伤害。
1、蒙脱石是一种效果显著的脱霉添加剂
饲料中霉菌毒素的污染及其所造成的危害目前仍是养殖者易于忽略的问题，且容易与其它疾病产生混淆。一般而言，霉菌毒素主要是由4种霉菌属所产生：曲霉菌属（主要分泌黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素等）、青霉菌属（主要分泌桔霉素等），麦角菌属（主要分泌麦角毒素），梭菌属（主要分泌呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮，T－2毒素，Fumonisin毒素等）。迄今为止已经有超过300种霉菌毒素被分离和鉴定出来，上述的几种毒素只是其中8种主要毒素。
蒙脱石对料中霉毒素有较明显的吸附作用，且吸附作用随双八面体蒙脱石水平的提高而增强；在霉变饲料（黄曲霉毒素B1，39.78微克/千克）经双八面体蒙脱石处理后，黄曲霉毒素B1含量降为8.88微克/千克，达到我国卫生部制定的饲料卫生标准（≤20微克/千克）和欧美标准（0—20微克/千克）。
2、蒙脱石可平衡饲料元素
蒙脱石可平衡饲料元素，可降低饲料中铅的含量和农药含量。
饲料中铅的含量超标，会直接或间接影响到养殖动物的生长和发育，最终通过食物链影响人的健康，因此对饲料中重金属铅的控制格外重要。在日粮中添加0.5%蒙脱石可以显著改善铅含量为10mg/kg铅诱导的损伤，明显降低了猪全血、脑、肝、肾、骨和毛等组织中铅含量。结果表明蒙脱石对铅中毒有潜在的治疗作用。
添加蒙脱石可控制残留农药的毒性。
3、蒙脱石可替代抗生素治疗腹泻
抗生素可促进生长和改善饲料转化率已被广大养殖户所接受。在补料和开食料中添加抗生素，既可控制病原微生物增殖，又可加速肠道免疫耐受过程，从而减轻肠道损伤，预防腹泻的发生。但用于防止仔猪腹泻的抗生素如金霉素、泰乐菌素、杆菌肽锌、喹乙醇等持续使用使病原菌产生耐药性，并在畜禽产品中残留给人体健康带来危害。目前在饲料中添加抗生素已十分讲究添加的数量、方式和方法，但仍遭到无抗品的抵制。原则上能不用抗生素尽量不用抗生素，能替代的替代，能少用的就少用，将抗生素的危害降到最低！
纳米蒙脱石是一种新型矿物药剂，用于治疗禽畜类腹泻痢疾等疾病具有无药物残留、无激素、无耐药性、疗效稳定、无毒副作用等优点，对大肠杆菌、霍乱弧菌、空肠弯曲菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和轮状病毒及胆盐都有较好的吸附作用，对细菌毒素有固定作用，能修复和提高胃肠粘膜对致病因子的防御功能。在抗生素、磺胺类药物的抗药性越来越强、耐药菌株日益增多的情况下，应用纳米蒙脱石预防和治疗畜禽疾病显得非常重要，彻底解决抗生素的耐药性和残留问题。
4、蒙脱石可替代氧化锌
国家刚刚下文规定将饲料中的锌含量下调，大量使用氧化锌已经不可能了。
纳米蒙脱石治疗腹泻的另一个功效是在畜禽饲料（尤其是乳仔猪饲料）中可完全代替氧化锌抗腹泻。高锌（2500-3500ppm）会对仔猪生长发育造成危害。日粮中添加超过正常需要量20～30倍的高水平锌，必然打破原有各种元素的平衡，锌元素过量对铜、铁的吸收不利，高锌可导致铁、铜继发性缺乏，出现贫血。国外研究认为，当锌摄入量超过体内各种排泄器官的排泄能力，则会破坏内恒稳机制。所以高锌的饲料使用时间受到了较为严格的限制。使用半个月以上仔猪就会出现皮肤苍白、被毛粗乱卷曲、贫血等现象。仔猪断奶后2周使用高锌(氧化锌2000～3000 mg／kg)具有防腹泻促生长效果，若一旦停止添加高水平锌，更换日粮，仔猪腹泻现象又会发生。研究还表明，饲喂高剂量锌(3000 mg／kg)通过猪体消化吸收后，其每日锌排出量是饲喂基础日粮组的33倍。因此，添加高剂量无机锌会造成资源浪费和残留，且造成环境污染。金华市格瑞特动物营养技术有限公司试验证明每吨饲料添加1.5kg纳米蒙脱石可以完全替代氧化锌，用量只有氧化锌的一半左右，成本相对较低，替代高锌有优势，并且由于蒙脱石没有氧化锌的副作用，其生长速度、料肉比与使用氧化锌组相比，性能更佳。
5、蒙脱石可用于母猪生产和仔猪护理
纳米蒙脱石对动物皮肤、黏膜，消化、呼吸系统和眼部无毒、无害、无刺激性，环保天然。可方便地施用于猪的垫料中，可大量吸附室内氨等有害气体，保持环境干燥，抑制细菌繁殖，并有助于防御呼吸道疾病和治疗断奶仔猪腹泻综合症。其天然配方可以减少硝酸盐和磷酸盐的流失，改善养殖场的卫生状况和养殖环境。经过试验，该产品对细菌、病毒、真菌、原生微生物和寄生虫具有强有力的杀灭作用，同时能够吸附养殖场所内的大量异味和氨气等，能够预防疾病和改善动物福利，保持良好的健康状况，而且没有任何迹象表明任何微生物对该产品产生了抗性。
在配种和分娩前后几天用纳米蒙脱石涂抹在母猪的外阴部，可用于抑菌并减少母猪疾病的发生。
纳米蒙脱石还可以用于动物养殖场所，用于幼仔护理：将刚出生的仔猪用干布抹除胎衣后，取纳米蒙脱石均匀在猪体涂抹一层，尤其是涂抹在脐带部位，可以有效地保持仔猪体温，使之在短时间内站立行走，早吃初乳。并可使脐带迅速干燥，在1～2天内愈合，从而降低细菌进入体内繁殖的可能。
在去势、断尾后用纳米蒙脱石直接涂于伤口，可有效地消毒、止血，从而为仔猪成长提供最佳的外在环境。
在断奶后7～10天内，每天在饲槽前撒一次纳米蒙脱石，可有效地降低应激反应。
在苗猪出栏时，可提前3天服用纳米蒙脱石，可减少捕抓中因惊吓而造成的应激反应，也可减少运输中的应激排便等。
The English version
Montmorillonite (montmorillonite), also known as montmorillonite is a kind of layered silicate clay structure, flaky crystal, because its are initially found in montmorillonite named after the city. Montmorillonite is one of the only medicine by humans evolved into feed additive varieties, anti-diarrhea effect to animals and feed mildew excellent results, and safety of green, is the indispensable element of the green feed formula.
Montmorillonite is the result of the nature, and return to nature, no damage to nature, is environmentally friendly material.
Nanometer montmorillonite is by nano hybrid, has a larger specific surface area, can greatly improve the ability of adsorption, adsorption effect is three times as many ordinary montmorillonite products.
Montmorillonite is used to feed must be purified, must determine the non-toxic (arsenic, mercury, lead, christobalite not overweight), any apply bentonite ore directly will cause damage to livestock.
1, montmorillonite is a kind of to take off the mold additive effect is remarkable
Of mycotoxins in feed caused by the pollution and its harm is still is the issue of farmers is easy to ignore, and easily confused with other disease. In general, mycotoxins are mainly produced by four kinds of mold is: aspergillus species (mainly secreted aflatoxin, ochre and aspergillus toxin, etc.) and penicillium (mainly secreted citrinin, etc.), claviceps (mainly secreted ergot toxins), fusobacterium (mainly secreted vomiting toxins, corn gibberellic ketene, T 2 toxin, Fumonisin toxin, etc.). So far there have been more than 300 kinds of mycotoxin were separated and identified, and the above several kinds of toxins are just eight of the major toxin.
Montmorillonite of material in the mold toxin is apparent adsorption, and adsorption with double octahedron enhanced with the increase of level of montmorillonite; In the mould feed (aflatoxin B1, 39.78 micrograms/kg) treated with double octahedron montmorillonite, aflatoxin B1 content is reduced to 8.88 micrograms/kg, to feed hygiene standards promulgated by the ministry of health in China (20 micrograms/kg or less) and the European and American standard (0-20 micrograms/kg).
2, montmorillonite can be balanced feed element
Montmorillonite can be balanced feed element, can reduce the content of lead in feed and pesticide content.
The excessive levels of lead in feed, can directly or indirectly affect the farmed animal growth and development, ultimately affect people's health through the food chain, so the control of heavy metal lead in the feed is particularly important. 0.5% montmorillonite is added in the diet can significantly improve the lead to 10 mg/kg damage induced by lead, significantly reduced the pig whole blood, brain, liver, kidney, bone and hair lead levels in the organizations. The results show that montmorillonite is potential therapeutic effect for lead poisoning.
Add the toxicity of pesticide residue in montmorillonite can be controlled.
3, montmorillonite alternative antibiotics treatment of diarrhea
Antibiotics can promote growth and improve the feed conversion rate has been accepted by the broad masses of farmers. Food in the filling material and adding antibiotics, can control the pathogenic microorganism proliferation, but also accelerate the process of intestinal immune tolerance, so as to reduce the damage, prevent the happening of the diarrhea. But used to prevent diarrhea piglets antibiotics such as chlortetracycline, tylosin, bacitracin zinc, olaquindox, such as continuous use make the pathogen resistance, and residue in livestock and poultry products has a harmful effect on human health. At present, the antibiotic is added in the feed has very pay attention to add quantity, style and method, but still have no resistance to resistance. Can, in principle, no antibiotics as far as possible need not, alternative to replace, can use less less to use, minimize the dangers of antibiotics.
Nanometer montmorillonite is a new type of mineral drugs, used in the treatment of livestock diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery with no drug residues, no hormone, no drug resistance, stable curative effect, non-toxic side effects, etc, on escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae, jejunum bending bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, rotavirus and bile salt has good adsorption effect, have a fixed effect on bacterial toxins, can repair and improve the defence function of gastric mucous membrane of pathogenic factors. In the growing resistance of antibiotics, sulfa drugs, drug resistant strains an increasing number of cases, the application of nano montmorillonite prevention and treatment of livestock and poultry disease is very important, completely solve the problem of antibiotic resistance and residual.
4, montmorillonite can be instead of zinc oxide
Just below regulations of the state will be cut in zinc content in the feed, extensive use of zinc oxide has been impossible.
Nanometer montmorillonite in the treatment of diarrhea is another effect in the livestock and poultry feed, especially milk piglet feed) can be completely instead of zinc oxide resistance in diarrhea. High zinc (2500-3500 parts per million (PPM) harmful to growth of piglets. Added in the diet than normally required 20 ~ 30 times the high levels of zinc, is bound to break the balance of various elements, original zinc excess adverse to the absorption of copper, iron, high zinc can lead to the lack of iron, copper, secondary anemia. Foreign research thinks, when zinc intake over discharge capacity of various excretion organs in the body will destroy the steady mechanism. So high zinc feed use time is limited by the tighter. Use half a month or more piglets will appear pale skin, rough mess curly coat, the phenomenon such as anemia. 2 weeks after weaning piglets use high zinc (zinc oxide from 2000 to 3000 mg/kg) has anti diarrhea growth promoting effect, if once stop adding high levels of zinc, change diet, diarrhea piglets phenomenon will happen again. Research also suggests that feeding high dose zinc (3000 mg/kg) through get after digestion and absorption, its daily zinc discharge is feeding based diet group 33 times. Therefore, add a high dose of inorganic zinc can cause resource waste and residue, and cause environmental pollution. Jinhua Greg, animal nutrition technology co., LTD. Tests showed that feed add 1.5 kg per ton of nano montmorillonite can completely substitute zinc oxide, dosage is only about half that of zinc oxide, the cost is relatively low, replace the high zinc have an advantage, and because the montmorillonite without the side effects of zinc oxide, its growth rate, feed conversion ratio compared with using zinc oxide group, the performance is better.
5, montmorillonite can be used in the production and piglets nursing sows
Nano montmorillonite on animal skin, mucous membrane, digestive, respiratory and eye non-toxic, harmless, without excitant and natural environmental protection. Can be easily applied in pigs in the bedding, can be a large number of adsorption indoor harmful gases such as ammonia, keep the environment is dry, inhibit bacteria reproduction, and help defense respiratory diseases and treatment of weaned piglets diarrhea syndrome. Its natural formula can reduce the loss of nitrate and phosphate, improve the hygiene of farms and farming environment. Through the test, the product of bacteria, viruses, fungi, indigenous microorganisms and parasites have strong killing effect, at the same time, can adsorption breeding area of a large number of peculiar smell and ammonia, etc., can prevent disease and improve the animal welfare, to maintain good health, and there is no sign of any microbial resistance for this product.
In breeding and a few days before and after childbirth with nanometer montmorillonite daub on the sow's genitals, bacteriostatic and can be used to reduce the sow the happening of the disease.
Nanometer montmorillonite can also be used for animal breeding places for young care: the newborn piglets with dry cloth after erasing the afterbirth, apply uniform nano montmorillonite in get a layer, especially the smudge in the umbilical cord, can effectively maintain the body temperature, piglets to stand up in a short time, early to eat colostrum. And can make the umbilical cord, dry quickly, healing within 1 ~ 2 days, the possibility of reducing bacteria enter the body.
After castration, tail with nanometer montmorillonite directly on the wound, can effectively disinfection, hemostatic, thus provide the external environment of the best piglet growth.
7 ~ 10 days after weaning, a day in front of the feeder and a nanometer montmorillonite, can effectively decrease the stress reaction.
When a pig market, can be 3 days in advance of nanometer montmorillonite, can reduce the catch the stress reaction caused in terror, and also can reduce stress in the transportation bowel movements, etc.
|
