一、蒙脱石是一种效果显著的脱霉添加剂
饲料中霉菌毒素的污染及其所造成的危害目前仍是养殖者易于忽略的问题，且容易与其它疾病产生混淆。一般而言，霉菌毒素主要是由4种霉菌属所产生：曲霉菌属（主要分泌黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素等）、青霉菌属（主要分泌桔霉素等）。麦角菌属（主要分泌麦角毒素）。梭菌属（主要分泌呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮。T－2毒素。Fumonisin毒素等）。迄今为止已经有超过300种霉菌毒素被分离和鉴定出来，上述的几种毒素只是其中8种主要毒素。
一般把霉菌按其生活习性分为仓贮性霉菌和田间霉菌两种。仓贮性霉菌主要是指贮存的饲料或原料，在适宜的温度、湿度等条件下产生的霉菌，以曲霉菌属为主，该类霉菌最适生长温度为25－30℃左右，相对湿度为80％－90％，路曲霉例外，可在田间感染，低温下亦可繁殖；田间霉菌则是指青霉菌属、麦角菌属和梭霉菌属（镰刀菌属），此类霉菌属野外菌株，通常谷物在未采收前就已感染，最适生长温度为5－25℃，该类霉菌在低温环境中也会繁殖，也就是说在冬季此类霉菌仍会生长，阴冷潮湿的天气更易于这些霉菌生长。在田间，植物受霉菌感染的因素很多，包括：土壤的水分、播种期、收割期。轮作期、施肥、植物的品种、植病的发生。杂草、鸟类及害虫等。当作物收割后，通常会带有某些霉菌，在干燥的过程中，霉菌会受到破坏，所以不易察觉，然而许多霉菌孢子会存活下来，并且在贮存期间、制作饲料的过程中开始萌发生长。
很多毒素与毒素之间均具有相乘作用，这些毒素同时出现其毒力将大大超过单个霉菌毒素所具有的毒力。
蒙脱石对黄曲霉毒素B1有较强的吸附性，吸附量随黄曲霉毒素B1含量增加而增加，两者呈直线相关。当吸附反应体系中赖氨酸含量为0．2％、0．4％时，不影响蒙脱石对黄曲霉毒素B1的吸附。
蒙脱石对饲料黄曲霉毒素B1有较明显的吸附作用，且吸附作用随双八面体蒙脱石水平的提高而增强；在霉变饲料（黄曲霉毒素B1，39.78微克/千克）经双八面体蒙脱石处理后，黄曲霉毒素B1含量降为8.88微克/千克，达到我国卫生部制定的饲料卫生标准（≤20微克/千克）和欧美标准（0—20微克/千克）。
二、蒙脱石可平衡饲料元素
蒙脱石可平衡饲料元素，可降低饲料中铅的含量和农药含量。
饲料中铅的含量超标，会直接或间接影响到养殖动物的生长和发育，最终通过食物链影响人的健康，因此对饲料中重金属铅的控制格外重要。在日粮中添加0.5%蒙脱石可以显著改善铅含量为10mg/kg铅诱导的损伤，明显降低了猪全血、脑、肝、肾、骨和毛等组织中铅含量。结果表明蒙脱石对铅中毒有潜在的治疗作用。
添加蒙脱石可控制残留农药的毒性。
三、蒙脱石可替代抗生素治疗腹泻
抗生素可促进生长和改善饲料转化率已被广大养殖户所接受。在补料和开食料中添加抗生素，既可控制病原微生物增殖，又可加速肠道免疫耐受过程，从而减轻肠道损伤，预防腹泻的发生。但用于防止仔猪腹泻的抗生素如金霉素、泰乐菌素、杆菌肽锌、喹乙醇等持续使用使病原菌产生耐药性，并在畜禽产品中残留给人体健康带来危害。目前在饲料中添加抗生素已十分讲究添加的数量、方式和方法，但仍遭到无抗品的抵制。原则上能不用抗生素尽量不用抗生素，能替代的替代，能少用的就少用，将抗生素的危害降到最低！
纳米蒙脱石是一种新型矿物药剂，用于治疗禽畜类腹泻痢疾等疾病具有无药物残留、无激素、无耐药性、疗效稳定、无毒副作用等优点，对大肠杆菌、霍乱弧菌、空肠弯曲菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和轮状病毒及胆盐都有较好的吸附作用，对细菌毒素有固定作用，能修复和提高胃肠粘膜对致病因子的防御功能。它不仅能吸附病菌，还含有丰富的维生素、矿物质、微量元素，在抗生素、磺胺类药物的抗药性越来越强、耐药菌株日益增多的情况下，应用纳米蒙脱石预防和治疗畜禽疾病显得非常重要，彻底解决抗生素的耐药性和残留问题。
四、蒙脱石可替代氧化锌治疗腹泻
纳米蒙脱石治疗腹泻的另一个功效是在畜禽饲料（尤其是乳仔猪饲料）中可完全代替氧化锌抗腹泻。高锌（2500-3500ppm）会对仔猪生长发育造成危害。日粮中添加超过正常需要量20～30倍的高水平锌，必然打破原有各种元素的平衡，锌元素过量对铜、铁的吸收不利，高锌可导致铁、铜继发性缺乏，出现贫血。国外研究认为，当锌摄入量超过体内各种排泄器官的排泄能力，则会破坏内恒稳机制。所以高锌的饲料使用时间受到了较为严格的限制。使用半个月以上仔猪就会出现皮肤苍白、被毛粗乱卷曲、贫血等现象。仔猪断奶后2周使用高锌(氧化锌2000～3000 mg／kg)具有防腹泻促生长效果，若一旦停止添加高水平锌，更换日粮，仔猪腹泻现象又会发生。研究还表明，饲喂高剂量锌(3000 mg／kg)通过猪体消化吸收后，其每日锌排出量是饲喂基础日粮组的33倍。因此，添加高剂量无机锌会造成资源浪费和残留，且造成环境污染。试验证明每吨饲料添加2kg纳米蒙脱石可以完全替代氧化锌，用量只有氧化锌的2/3左右，成本相对较低，替代高锌有优势，并且由于蒙脱石没有氧化锌的副作用，其生长速度、料肉比与使用氧化锌组相比，性能更佳。
五、蒙脱石可降低禽畜的应激反应
饲料中添加纳米蒙脱石，可有效地降低禽畜的应激反应。
在幼畜出栏时，可提前3天在饲料中添加纳米蒙脱石，可减少捕抓中因惊吓而造成的应激反应，也可减少运输中的应激排便等。
The English version
A, montmorillonite is a kind of to take off the mold additive effect is remarkable
Of mycotoxins in feed caused by the pollution and its harm is still is the issue of farmers is easy to ignore, and easily confused with other disease. In general, mycotoxins are mainly produced by four kinds of mold is: aspergillus species (mainly secreted aflatoxin, ochre and aspergillus toxin, etc.) and penicillium (mainly secreted citrinin, etc.). Claviceps (mainly secreted ergot toxin). Fusobacterium (mainly secreted vomiting toxins, corn gibberellic ketene. T - 2 toxin. Fumonisin toxin, etc.). So far there have been more than 300 kinds of mycotoxin were separated and identified, and the above several kinds of toxins are just eight of the major toxin.
Generally divides into the mould according to their life habits warehouse storage mold and mold two field. Warehouse storage sexual mould mainly refers to the feed or raw material storage, under the condition of appropriate temperature and humidity of mold, with aspergillus species is given priority to, this kind of mold the optimum growth temperature is about 25 to 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 80% - 80%, aspergillus exception, can be in the field infection, low temperature can also reproduce; Field of mold is penicillium, claviceps and spindle mold (sickle species), the mold belong to the wild strains, usually in before harvest of grain has been infected, the optimum growth temperature for 5-25 ℃, the mold will breed in low temperature environment, that is to say, in the winter such mould will still grow, cold, wet weather easier to the mould to grow. In the field of plant by fungus infection of many factors, including: soil moisture, seedtime and harvest time. Rotation period, fertilization, plant variety and plant disease. Weeds, birds and insects, etc. When after harvesting the crops, usually with a certain mold, in the process of drying, the mould will be damaged, so subtle, yet many mould spore will survive, and during storage, began to germinate in the process of production of feed.
Many have multiplied effect between toxin and toxin, these toxins appeared at the same time its virulence will be much more than a single mycotoxins of virulence.
Montmorillonite on aflatoxin B1 has strong adsorption, adsorption quantity increases with the increase of content of aflatoxin B1, both in a straight line. When the adsorption in the reaction system of lysine content is 0.2%, 0.4%, do not affect montmorillonite adsorption of aflatoxin B1.
Montmorillonite to feed aflatoxin B1 have more apparent adsorption, and adsorption with double octahedron enhanced with the increase of level of montmorillonite; In the mould feed (aflatoxin B1, 39.78 micrograms/kg) treated with double octahedron montmorillonite, aflatoxin B1 content is reduced to 8.88 micrograms/kg, to feed hygiene standards promulgated by the ministry of health in China (20 micrograms/kg or less) and the European and American standard (0-20 micrograms/kg).
Second, the montmorillonite can be balanced feed element
Montmorillonite can be balanced feed element, can reduce the content of lead in feed and pesticide content.
The excessive levels of lead in feed, can directly or indirectly affect the farmed animal growth and development, ultimately affect people's health through the food chain, so the control of heavy metal lead in the feed is particularly important. 0.5% montmorillonite is added in the diet can significantly improve the lead to 10 mg/kg damage induced by lead, significantly reduced the pig whole blood, brain, liver, kidney, bone and hair lead levels in the organizations. The results show that montmorillonite is potential therapeutic effect for lead poisoning.
Add the toxicity of pesticide residue in montmorillonite can be controlled.
Three, montmorillonite alternative antibiotics treatment of diarrhea
Antibiotics can promote growth and improve the feed conversion rate has been accepted by the broad masses of farmers. Food in the filling material and adding antibiotics, can control the pathogenic microorganism proliferation, but also accelerate the process of intestinal immune tolerance, so as to reduce the damage, prevent the happening of the diarrhea. But used to prevent diarrhea piglets antibiotics such as chlortetracycline, tylosin, bacitracin zinc, olaquindox, such as continuous use make the pathogen resistance, and residue in livestock and poultry products has a harmful effect on human health. At present, the antibiotic is added in the feed has very pay attention to add quantity, style and method, but still have no resistance to resistance. Can, in principle, no antibiotics as far as possible need not, alternative to replace, can use less less to use, minimize the dangers of antibiotics.
Nanometer montmorillonite is a new type of mineral drugs, used in the treatment of livestock diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery with no drug residues, no hormone, no drug resistance, stable curative effect, non-toxic side effects, etc, on escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae, jejunum bending bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, rotavirus and bile salt has good adsorption effect, have a fixed effect on bacterial toxins, can repair and improve the defence function of gastric mucous membrane of pathogenic factors. It not only can absorb bacteria, but also contains rich vitamins, minerals, trace elements, in the growing resistance of antibiotics, sulfa drugs, drug resistant strains an increasing number of cases, the application of nanometer montmorillonite prevention and treatment of livestock and poultry disease is very important, completely solve the problem of antibiotic resistance and residual.
Four, montmorillonite alternative zno treatment of diarrhea
Nanometer montmorillonite in the treatment of diarrhea is another effect in the livestock and poultry feed, especially milk piglet feed) can be completely instead of zinc oxide resistance in diarrhea. High zinc (2500-3500 parts per million (PPM) harmful to growth of piglets. Added in the diet than normally required 20 ~ 30 times the high levels of zinc, is bound to break the balance of various elements, original zinc excess adverse to the absorption of copper, iron, high zinc can lead to the lack of iron, copper, secondary anemia. Foreign research thinks, when zinc intake over discharge capacity of various excretion organs in the body will destroy the steady mechanism. So high zinc feed use time is limited by the tighter. Use half a month or more piglets will appear pale skin, rough mess curly coat, the phenomenon such as anemia. 2 weeks after weaning piglets use high zinc (zinc oxide from 2000 to 3000 mg/kg) has anti diarrhea growth promoting effect, if once stop adding high levels of zinc, change diet, diarrhea piglets phenomenon will happen again. Research also suggests that feeding high dose zinc (3000 mg/kg) through get after digestion and absorption, its daily zinc discharge is feeding based diet group 33 times. Therefore, add a high dose of inorganic zinc can cause resource waste and residue, and cause environmental pollution. Trials show that feed add 2 kg per ton of nano montmorillonite can entirely replace zinc oxide, dosage of only about two-thirds of zinc oxide, the cost is relatively low, replace the high zinc have an advantage, and because the montmorillonite without the side effects of zinc oxide, its growth rate, feed conversion ratio compared with using zinc oxide group, the performance is better.
Five, the montmorillonite can reduce the stress reaction of livestock
Adding nano-meter montmorillonite, feed can effectively reduce the livestock stress reaction.
When in such assistance, but 3 days in advance of nano montmorillonite is added in the feed, can reduce the catch of the stress reaction caused in terror, and also can reduce stress in the transportation bowel movements, etc.
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