2012年6月1日，中华人民共和国农业部公告第1773号制定的《饲料原料目录》将蒙脱石列入了饲料原料，编号为11.1.7。一时间，市场上便涌现了大量的蒙脱石商家，鱼龙混杂，产品价格从3--4元/公斤到30--40元/公斤不 等，产品质量也是良莠不齐，对产品的作用机理及功效更是众说纷纭。
通过大量的阅读、调查，我将手上的材料整理成本文，并写下几点自己的思考，分享给行业内的朋友们。水平有限，还望行业内的专家多多批评指正。
一、定义与分类：
1、定义：
狭义上讲，蒙脱石(montmorillonite)又名微晶高岭石，是一种层状结构、片状结晶的硅铝酸盐粘土矿，因其最初发现于法国的蒙脱城而命名的，俗名称观音土。其族系物有11种，其化学简式为(Na，Ca) 0.33 (Al，Mg)2[Si4O10](OH)2•nH2O，叶片状硅铝酸盐通过交联的硅酸盐四面体和交联的铝酸盐八面体的薄片的相互压缩而形成片层结构。二 价或三价的阳离子包裹在带有氧和羟基的八面体中，硅处于带有氧和羟基的八面体中。
硅酸盐四面体和铝酸盐八面体两者以1：1的比例形成了分子式为 M2-3Si2O5(OH)4的层状硅铝酸盐粘土；若在两层硅酸盐四面体中插入铝酸盐八面体（2：1的比例）就形成了三型的层状硅铝酸盐 M2-3Si4O10(OH)2；三型硅铝酸盐通过氧离子链状排列形成链型层状硅铝酸盐。
硅铝酸盐粘土矿是粘土类矿物中晶体结构变异最强的矿物之一，通过衍射仪慢速扫描的试验结果表明为天然纳米材料。
广义上讲的蒙脱石多是指膨润土原矿，常呈土状隐晶质块状，电镜下为细小鳞片状。为了区分膨润土，工业用蒙脱石又追加定义，在膨润土原矿中，当硅铝酸盐粘土矿的含量80%以上时，才称作为蒙脱石。
2、分类：
蒙脱石的类型是根据蒙脱石的层间阳离子种类决定的：
层间阳离子为Na+时称钠基蒙脱石；
层间阳离子为Ca2+时称钙基蒙脱石；
层间阳离子为H+时称氢基蒙脱石；
层间阳离子为有机阳离子时称有机蒙脱石。
二、蒙脱石晶体结构特性：
1、电负性。
硅氧四面体中的硅可被铝置换，铝氧八面体中的铝可被镁、铁、锌等多种离子置换。由于Al3+置换Si4+，使得蒙脱石晶体整体带负电荷。
2、阳离子交换性。
为达到电荷平衡，蒙脱石晶胞会吸附K+、Na+、Ca2+等交换性阳离子，另外八面体片中的OH-置换O2-也可部分中和晶格中的负离子，因此蒙脱石类矿物有吸附阳离子和极性有机分子的能力，这些阳离子或分子在一定条件下具有“可进可出”的交换性。
3、吸水膨胀性。
两个结构单元层之间以分子间力连结，结构较松散，在外力或极性水分子的作用下层间会产生相对运动而膨胀或剥离。水分子或其它有机分子可以进入层间，造就了其强吸水膨胀性、高分散性、悬浮性、触变性、润滑性和吸附性等。
三、与膨润土、高岭土、白土的区别：
1、与膨润土的区别：
膨润土是以蒙脱石为主要矿物成分的非金属矿产，它的一些性质也都是由蒙脱石所决定的。但是膨润土中也含有大量的杂质，大约在5-10%左右，方英石（一种致癌物质）的含量大约在20%以上，重金属超标等一些问题存在。
广义上讲的蒙脱石实际上也是一种膨润土，只是蒙脱石本命体的含量在80%以上，而且作了除杂、提纯处理。
2、与高岭土的区别：
高岭土是一种主要以高岭石为主要成分的黏土矿物，是一种含水硅铝酸盐矿物，高岭石的化学简式为：Al4[Si4O10](OH)8,主要呈白色软泥状，颗粒细腻，状似面粉。其化学成分相当稳定，被誉为“万能石”。为制造瓷器和陶器的主要原料。
区别在于空间结构：高岭石是一种含水的铝硅酸盐，为三斜晶系，结构层间没有阳离子或水 分子存在，强氢键（O-OH=0.289nm）加强了结构层之间的连结。而蒙脱石又名微晶高岭石，是一种层状结构、片状结晶的硅酸盐粘土矿，为单斜晶系，结构层间有阳离子或水分子存在，强氧离子链加强结构层之间的连结。
3、与白土的区别：
白土是膨润土的一种，是一种含镁质的粘土，其中MS0含量15％-26％，白土是俗名。其组成81％左右为富镁蒙脱石，10％为石英，4％为云母类矿物，其余为含铁的矿物和少量钙盐等杂质。
三、在畜牧行业应用的价值：
1、对动物的保护作用：
蒙脱石对动物的保护作用源于它的七大功能。
①吸附、固定功能：结构中不均匀带电性使其可以吸 附各种消化道致病因子。蒙脱石药理研究表明：它对大肠杆菌、霍乱弧菌、空肠弯曲菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和轮状病毒以及胆盐都有较好的吸附作用；对细菌毒素有固定作用；蒙脱石只吸附、固定表面带有粒编码蛋白（CS31A）的致病性带电病原菌，对表面不带 CS31 A 的正常菌群无固定清除作用。
②粘膜屏障功能：蒙脱石与消化道粘液蛋白静电结合，可以增加粘液量并改善粘液质量提高粘液的内聚力和弹性。
③修复功能：蒙脱石可以修复受损的消化道上皮细胞。
④凝血功能：蒙脱石激活凝血因子，在消化道表面形成以蒙脱石颗粒为核心的血粘块，还可以促进血管收缩减缓局部血流，减少出血。
⑤解毒功能：添加蒙脱石控制残留农药的毒性。蒙脱石对铅等重金属中毒有治疗作用。
⑥无抗体功能：没有任何迹象表明任何微生物对该产品产生了抗性。蒙脱石不进入血液，完全排除体外，绝不残留，是绿色动物保健品。
⑦抗应激功能：在断奶前后服用纳米蒙脱石，可有效地降低应激反应。在苗猪出栏时，可提前3天服用蒙脱石，可减少捕抓中因惊吓而造成的应激反应，也可减少运输中的应激排便等。
2、在商品饲料中的运用：
①蒙脱石是一种效果显著的脱霉添加剂：饲料中霉菌毒素的污染及其所造成的危害仍然严重。浙江大学饲料科学研究所的测试，蒙脱石对霉菌毒素具有强力吸附作用，吸附力（％）如下：黄曲霉毒素100％；玉米赤霉烯酮88％；赭曲霉毒素72％；麦角毒素100％；串珠镰孢菌毒素91％。
②蒙脱石可平衡饲料元素：蒙脱石可平衡饲料元素，可降低饲料中铅的含量和农药含量。在日粮中添加0.5%蒙脱石可以显著改善铅含量为 10mg/kg铅诱导的损伤，明显降低了猪全血、脑、肝、肾、骨和毛等组织中铅含量。结果表明蒙脱石对铅中毒有潜在的治疗作用。添加蒙脱石可控制残留农药的毒性。
③蒙脱石可部分替代抗生素治疗腹泻：利用蒙脱石的超强吸附力及吸水膨胀性，用于治疗禽 畜类腹泻痢疾等疾病。具有无药物残留、无激素、无耐药性、疗效稳定、无毒副作用等优点，对大肠杆菌、霍乱弧菌、空肠弯曲菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和轮状病毒及胆盐都有较好的吸附作用，对细菌毒素有固定作用，能修复和提高胃肠粘膜对致病因子的防御功能。
④改良剂：由于特有的吸水膨胀性、高分散性、悬浮 性、触变性、润滑性和吸附性等，蒙脱石一是能够提高饲料的适口性和改进饲料的松散性，延缓饲料通过消化道的速度，增加营养物质本身反应的表面积，也增加了营养物质与消化道粘膜接触的表面积，使营养物吸收得更充分，从而提高饲料利用率。二是可降低家禽粪便中的水分，保持栏内干燥，减少发病率。
⑤预混料载体：蒙脱石是预混料载体的首选。由于蒙 脱石粉剂吸附力强、致密细腻、流动性好，而作为预混料的载体较磷酸氢钙、重钙要优良得多。实验表明：加工过程中不会产生分层现象，均匀混合性能好，对各种维生素、微量元素分散吸附力强，均匀牢固，可以防潮、防霉、防虫蛀、防变质，增加微量元素的含量。
⑥胶粘剂：蒙脱石目前已经广泛作为颗粒饲料和水产饵料的胶粘剂。蒙脱石具有较强的粘结性，完全可以代替常用的羧基纤维素、次粉等，不仅胶粘效果好，而且可塑性强，成型的粒子型整齐、表面光滑，成本大大低于传统粘结剂。
⑦稀释剂：蒙脱石作为稀释剂用于干燥发酵全液制成的产品中。采用PRT作为发酵饲料的稀释剂，蒙脱石能将活性成分标准化，发酵干燥物的比例可占75%～95%，其余部分由蒙脱石来补充。
四、我对蒙脱石的几点思考：
1、蒙脱石的吸附力是物理吸附还是化学吸附？
蒙脱石的吸附作用分为选择性吸附和非选择性吸附。非选择性吸附就是通常说的交换吸附， 属于静电作用，由蒙脱石晶体所带的永久电荷量控制。蒙脱石空间结构中铝氧八面体中的铝可被镁、铁、锌等多种离子置换，由于Al3+置换Si4+，使得蒙脱 石晶体整体带永久负电荷。选择性吸附则不然，它属于化学吸附，受可变电荷表面的电量控制。可变电荷表面是指由金属离子和羟基组成的表面，羟基暴露在表面上。
以Cu2+为例，它被蒙脱石吸附后形成了三种结构状态：①Cu2+以水合离子的形式存在于蒙脱石层间；②有部分Cu2+进入了Si-（）四面体的复三方形孔洞中；③有少量Cu2+进入了铝氧八面片的空位。前者属于交换吸附，后两者属于化学吸附。
蒙脱石吸附黄曲霉毒素后，在红外光谱中35075px~(-1)和33875px~(-1)吸收峰消失，这说明蒙脱石对黄曲霉毒素存在化学吸附，其选择性吸附机制可能主要是由于它们边缘的羟基与黄曲霉毒素之间形成了双氢键。（齐德生2004年）
蒙脱石对黄曲霉毒素的吸附属于化学吸附，原理是蒙脱石中的金属离子与霉菌毒素中的二羰基系统反应形成金属螯合物。
2、对营养物质的吸收？
蒙脱石对营养物质有一定的吸附性，但也可被水解吸。
蒙脱石晶体为永久负电荷表面,所带电荷不随pH 值发生变化。当吸附反应体系的 pH 值低于吸附质(赖氨酸、维生素B2)等电点时,吸附质带正电荷,可置换蒙脱石表面阳离子, 此时,蒙脱石对吸附质的吸附力除范德华力外还存在库仑引力。酸度越大, 吸附质带正电荷越多,库仑引力越强, 蒙脱石对吸附质的吸附量也就越大。反之,随 pH 值增加, 膨润土对吸附质的吸附量会减少。（齐德生2003年）
实验证明：在溶液pH 2.0和8.0时，蒙脱石对赖氨酸最大吸附量分别为64.1mg／g和49.3mg／g；改性蒙脱石的赖氨酸最大吸附量分别为45.4mg／g和 33.8mg／g。它们对维生素B2的吸附符合Nernst模型，即吸附量与溶液中维生素B2的浓度呈直线相关。蒙脱石对赖氨酸及维生素B2的吸附量较改 性蒙脱石的大。在蛋氨酸含量低于0.2％时，它们对蛋氨酸均不吸附。赖氨酸、维生素B2被它们吸附后可被水解吸。在pH2.0及pH8.0环境下吸附后， 再用pH8.O的水解吸时，蒙脱石表面赖氨酸的解吸率分别为0.3%和20.8%，改性蒙脱石的解吸率分别为38.7%和25.2%；蒙脱石吸附维生素 B2的解吸率分别为79.3%和44.6%，改性蒙脱石的解吸率分别为89.2%和51.9 %。改性蒙脱石对赖氨酸和维生素B2的吸附量较蒙脱石小，而解吸率较蒙脱石大，可见，蒙脱石经适当改性后能获得更理想的物化性能，应用价值提高。（齐德生 2003年）
蒙脱石的吸附、离子交换特性，造成了对矿物营养状况的潜在影响。有研究证实：蒙脱石会对Cu、Ca、P、Zn、Mn等矿物营养都有吸附，但在商品饲料中，对矿物质生物利用率的影响有待进一步论证。
3、长期在饲料中添加有无危害？
蒙脱石对人和植物无腐蚀、无毒、无刺激，在机体内也不能被吸收和利用。能否长期使用，会不会对机体产生不良影响尚无研究结论。
4、去杂、提纯、改良的必要性？
蒙脱石属于资源性的产品，部分区域含量在80%以下的膨润土矿比较普遍，但含量超过90%而且重金属、方英石等不超标的矿山则非常少见。因此，对蒙脱石原矿的去杂、提纯处理尤为重要。
另外，蒙脱石的改良处理是指利用层间离子交换原理，将层间离子置换成Na+或是有机离子，这种改良蒙脱石在吸附率及解吸率有一定的提升，而且还能形成排链结构。
The English version
June 1, 2012, the ministry of agriculture of the People's Republic of China announcement no. 1773 of the catalog of feed ingredients listed montmorillonite as feed ingredients, Numbers for 11.1.7. At that time, the market is the emergence of a large number of montmorillonite, good and evil people mixed up, product price from 3-4 yuan/kg to 30-40 yuan/kg, etc., product quality is good and bad are intermingled, mechanism and effect the function of product is debated.
Through a lot of reading, the investigation, I will hand the material cost, and write down some own thinking, to share with friends in the industry. Level is limited, still hope experts within the industry, many comment.
One, the definition and classification:
1, the definition:
In a narrow sense, montmorillonite (montmorillonite) and montmorillonite, is a kind of layered structure, flaky crystal silicon aluminate minerals, because of its original montmorillonite city named after the found in France, say the common name GuanYinTu. Kalama department has 11 types and their chemical short form (Na, Ca) 0.33 (Al, Mg) 2 [Si4O10] (OH) 2 • nH2O, lamellar silicon aluminate through crosslinking silicate tetrahedrons and crosslinking of aluminate octahedral sheet by the compressed laminated structure. Divalent or trivalent cations wrapped in octahedron, with oxygen and hydroxyl silicon in octahedron with oxygen and hydroxyl.
Silicate tetrahedrons and aluminate octahedral both in a ratio of 1:1 to form the formula for the M2-3 si2o5 (OH) 4 layered silicon aluminate clay; If inserted in the two layers of silicate tetrahedrons aluminate octahedron (2:1 ratio) is formed of three type of layered silicon aluminate M2-3 si4o10 (OH) 2; Three type silicon aluminate by oxygen ions catenation form layered silicon aluminate chain type.
Silicon aluminate clay is clay mineral, one of the strongest crystal structure variation in mineral through diffraction slow scan test results show that for natural nanomaterials.
Montmorillonite more broad sense refers to a bentonite ore, soil shaped crystal block, often under the electron microscope for small scales. In order to distinguish between bentonite, montmorillonite and additional definitions, used in industry in the bentonite ore, more than 80% when the content of silicon aluminium acid salt clay minerals, they said as montmorillonite.
2, classification:
The type of the montmorillonite is determined according to the montmorillonite interlayer cation type:
Interlayer cation of Na + said sodium based montmorillonite;
Interlayer cation Ca2 + said calcium montmorillonite;
Interlayer cation of H + said hydrogen based montmorillonite;
Interlayer cation for organic cationic organic montmorillonite said.
Second, the montmorillonite crystal structure features:
1, the electronegativity.
Of silicon can be aluminum silicon oxygen tetrahedron replacement, aluminium oxide octahedron of aluminum can be magnesium, iron, zinc and so on the many kinds of ion exchange. Because Al3 + displacement Si4 + montmorillonite crystal negatively charged as a whole.
2, cation exchange.
To charge balance, montmorillonite crystal cell will adsorption K +, Na +, Ca2 + exchangeable cations, such as other octahedron of OH - replacement O2 - also has partial and negative ions in the crystal lattice, thus minerals montmorillonite has the ability of adsorption of cation and polarity organic molecules, the cation or molecules under certain conditions is "in the" exchange.
3, water absorption expansion.
Two structural unit connected by intermolecular forces between layers, structure is loose, the external force or the role of the polar water molecules will produce relative motion between the lower and inflation or splitting. Water or other organic molecules can enter interlayer, contributed to its strong water absorption swelling, high dispersion, suspension, thixotropy, lubricity, and adsorption, etc.
Three, and bentonite clay, kaolin, clay difference:
1, the protection of animals:
Montmorillonite on animal protection comes from its seven functions.
(1) adsorption, fixed function: structure of uneven charge allows it to absorb all kinds of digestive tract pathogenic factors. Montmorillonite shiyao principle research shows that: it on escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae, jejunum bending bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, rotavirus and bile salt has good adsorption; Have a fixed effect on bacterial toxin; Montmorillonite only surface adsorption, fixed with A grain of encoding protein (CS31A) pathogenic charged pathogenic bacteria, the surface without the normal flora of CS31 A non-fixed scavenging effect.
(2) the mucous membrane barrier function: montmorillonite and digestive tract mucous protein electrostatic combination, can increase the amount of mucus and improve the cohesion of quality improvement of mucus and elasticity.
(3) repair function: montmorillonite can repair the damaged gastrointestinal epithelial cells.
(4) coagulant function: montmorillonite activated clotting factors, in the digestive tract surface with montmorillonite particles as the core of blood viscosity, can also promote vasoconstriction slow down the local blood flow, reduce bleeding.
(5) detoxification function: add montmorillonite toxicity of pesticide residue in control. Montmorillonite has therapeutic effect on lead and other heavy metal poisoning.
6. No antibody function: there is no sign of any microbial resistance for this product. Montmorillonite is not into the blood stream, completely ruled out in vitro, no residue, is a green animal health products.
All landowners anti-stress function: before and after weaning of nanometer montmorillonite, can effectively reduce the stress response. When a pig market, take montmorillonite can be 3 days in advance, can reduce the catch in the stress reaction caused in terror, and also can reduce stress in the transportation bowel movements, etc.
The application of 2, in the commodity feed:
1) montmorillonite is a kind of effective mildew additives: off of mycotoxins in feed caused by the pollution and its harm is still serious. Test feed science research institute, zhejiang university, montmorillonite of mycotoxins has strong adsorption, adsorption (%) as follows: aflatoxin 100%; Corn gibberellic ketene 88%; Ochre and aspergillus toxin 72%; Ergot toxin is 100%; Fusarium toxins beaded 91%.
(2) montmorillonite can be balanced feed element: montmorillonite can be balanced feed element, can reduce the content of lead and pesticide content in the feed. 0.5% montmorillonite is added in the diet can significantly improve the lead to 10 mg/kg damage induced by lead, significantly reduced the pig whole blood, brain, liver, kidney, bone and hair lead levels in the organizations. The results show that montmorillonite is potential therapeutic effect for lead poisoning. Add the toxicity of pesticide residue in montmorillonite can be controlled.
(3) montmorillonite can partly replace antibiotic treatment of diarrhea: using montmorillonite super adsorption force and water absorption swelling, used in the treatment of poultry livestock diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery. Have no drug residues, no hormone, no drug resistance, stable curative effect, non-toxic side effects, etc, to escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae, jejunum bending bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, rotavirus and bile salt has good adsorption effect, have a fixed effect on bacterial toxins, can repair and improve the defence function of gastric mucous membrane of pathogenic factors.
(4) amendment: due to the characteristic of the water absorbing swelling, high dispersion, suspension, thixotropy, lubricity and adsorption, such as montmorillonite is to improve feed palatability and improve feed loose, slow feed through the digestive tract, increase nutrition response surface area of the material itself, has increased the nutrients and digestive tract mucous membrane contact surface area, the nutrient to absorb more fully, thus improve the feed utilization rate. Second, can reduce the moisture in the poultry excrement, stay bar dry, reduce the incidence of a disease.
(5) premix carrier: montmorillonite is premix carrier of choice. Because of montmorillonite powder strong adsorbability, dense fine, good liquidity, as a carrier of the premix, and the calcium hydrogen phosphate, coarse whiting is much more superior. Experiment showed that won't produce statified phenomenon, in the manufacturing process of mixing performance is good, for a variety of vitamins, trace elements scattered adsorption force strong, uniform and firm, can be moistureproof, mouldproof, insect-resistant eat by moth, prevent deterioration, increase the content of trace elements.
6 adhesive: montmorillonite has been widely as grain feed and aquatic bait adhesive. Montmorillonite with strong cohesiveness, can completely replace the commonly used carboxyl cellulose, powder and so on, not only the adhesive effect is good, and high plasticity, forming particle type and neat, smooth surface, the cost is much lower than traditional binder.
All landowners thinner: montmorillonite as diluent used in products made of dry fermentation fluid. Using PRT as diluent of fermented feed, standardization of montmorillonite can be active ingredients, fermented dry content 75% ~ 75%, the proportion of the rest of the supplement by montmorillonite.
Four, my some thinking of montmorillonite:
1, the adsorption force of montmorillonite is physical adsorption or chemical adsorption?
The adsorption effect of montmorillonite was divided into selective adsorption and selective adsorption. The selective adsorption is usually said exchange adsorption, belong to the electrostatic effect, by montmorillonite crystal with permanent charge control. Montmorillonite chinalco oxygen octahedrons space structure of aluminum can be magnesium, iron, zinc and so on the many kinds of ion exchange, because Al3 + displacement Si4 +, making montmorillonite crystal with permanent negative charge as a whole. Not so with selective adsorption, which belongs to the chemical adsorption, controlled by variable charge on the surface of the power. Variable charge surface is made up of metal ions and hydroxyl surface, hydroxy exposed on the surface.
Cu2 +, for example, it is after montmorillonite adsorption formed the structure of three kinds of state: 1) Cu2 + in the form of hydrated ion exists in montmorillonite interlayer; (2) some Cu2 + into the Si - () tetrahedral complex three square holes; (3) with a small amount of Cu2 + into the alumina eight slots. The former belongs to the exchange adsorption, which belongs to the chemical adsorption.
Montmorillonite after adsorption aflatoxin, 35075 px in the infrared spectrum ~ (1) and 33875 px ~ (1) absorption peak disappear, this suggests that the montmorillonite of aflatoxin chemical adsorption, the selective adsorption mechanism may mainly due to them on the edge of the hydroxyl and form a double hydrogen bond between aflatoxin. De-sheng qi (2004)
Montmorillonite belongs to the chemical adsorption of aflatoxin, montmorillonite is the principle of metal ions and mycotoxins of metal chelate dicarbonyl system reaction.
2, the absorption of nutrients?
Montmorillonite has certain adsorption to nutrients, but can also be water desorption.
And the permanent negative charge on the surface of montmorillonite crystal charged with pH change. When adsorption reaction system pH value is lower than the adsorbate (lysine, vitamin B2), isoelectric point, the adsorption of positively charged, replaceable montmorillonite surface cation, at this point, the montmorillonite on the adsorption properties of the adsorption force in addition to the van der Waals force is coulomb attraction. Acidity, the greater the adsorbate the more positively charged, the stronger the coulomb attraction, montmorillonite on adsorption properties of the adsorption quantity. On the other hand, with the increase of pH, bentonite on the adsorption properties of adsorption capacity will be reduced. De-sheng qi (2003)
Experimental results show: when solution pH 2.0 and 8.0, montmorillonite on maximum lysine were 64.1 mg/g and 49.3 mg/g; Maximum of modified montmorillonite lysine were 45.4 mg/g and 33.8 mg/g. Their adsorption of vitamin B2 in line with the Nernst model, namely the adsorption quantity related to the concentration of vitamin B2 in a straight line in the solution. Montmorillonite on the adsorption of lysine and vitamin B2 Sex of montmorillonite. When methionine content lower than 0.2%, they shall not adsorption methionine. Lysine, vitamin B2 after adsorption can be water desorption by them. After pH2.0 and adsorption pH8.0 environment, reoccupy pH8. O water desorption, montmorillonite surface desorption rate were 0.3% and 20.8% respectively of lysine modified montmorillonite desorption rate were 38.7% and 25.2% respectively; Montmorillonite adsorption vitamin B2 of the desorption rate is 79.3% and 44.6%, respectively, of modified montmorillonite desorption rate were 89.2% and 51.9% respectively. Modified montmorillonite on the adsorption of lysine and vitamin B2 montmorillonite, the montmorillonite and desorption rate is big, visible, montmorillonite writing appropriate modification can obtain better physical and chemical properties, application value. De-sheng qi (2003)
Adsorption, ion exchange properties of montmorillonite, the potential effects of mineral nutrition. Studies have confirmed that montmorillonite on Cu, Ca, P, zinc, Mn mineral nutrition has adsorption, but in the feed of goods, impact on the bioavailability of minerals remains to be demonstrated.
3, long-term presence of harm is added in the feed?
Montmorillonite non-corrosive, non-toxic, no stimulation to people and plants, also can't be absorbed in the body and use. Can use for a long time, will not be adverse impact on the body, there is no research conclusion.
4, to complex, purification, and the necessity of improvement?
Montmorillonite belongs to resource products, parts of content below 80% bentonite ore is common, but the content is more than 90% and heavy metal exceeds bid, christobalite not mine is very rare. Therefore, the montmorillonite ishihara ore to miscellaneous, purification treatment is particularly important.
In addition, the montmorillonite modified processing refers to the use of interlayer ion exchange principle, interlayer ion into Na + or organic ions, and the modified montmorillonite on the adsorption and desorption rate of ascending to a certain extent, but also can form chain structure.
|
